Real property for real property
Most U.S. investment or business real estate is like-kind to other U.S. investment real estate. You can exchange an apartment building for raw land, or a rental house for a strip mall.
What no longer qualifies
Since the 2018 tax law, personal property (equipment, vehicles) no longer qualifies for 1031 treatment — it's real estate only now.
Held for investment or business
The property you sell and the one you buy must both be held for investment or productive use in a trade or business — not primarily for personal use or resale.
Frequently asked questions
Can I exchange land for a building?
Yes — most U.S. investment real estate is like-kind to other investment real estate.
Does personal property qualify for a 1031?
No. Since 2018, only real property qualifies.
Sources
Educational information and estimates only. Not tax advice. Tax rules change and vary by situation; consult a qualified tax professional before acting.